Institutional type of the child benefit system

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Quick info
Data type String
Scale String
Value labels Not applicable
Technical name fam_cben_type
Category Family and gender policies
Label Institutional type of the child benefit system.
Related indicators NA (no information available)

The indicator refers to the institutional type of the child benefit system, based on whether availability of the child benefit is based on 1) citizenship or residency, or employment status in certain occupational sectors, 2) means-testing, or 3) behavioral conditions. This results in a typology that includes the following categories based on whether one or multiple characteristics apply:

  • Residency/citizenship: the benefit is available to citizens or residents of a country regardless of contributions in the employment-based system, and eligibility for the benefit is not based on means-testing or behavioral conditions.
  • Residency/citizenship, means-tested: the benefit is available to citizens or residents of a country regardless of contributions in the employment-based system, and it is means-tested.
  • Residency/citizenship, conditional: the benefit is available to citizens or residents of a country regardless of contributions in the employment-based system, and eligibility for the benefit is based on behavioral conditions. The benefit may also be means-tested.
  • Employment-based: the benefit is available only to workers employed across one or multiple occupational sectors.
  • Employment-based, means-tested: the benefit is available only to workers employed across one or multiple occupational groups, and it is means-tested; and,
  • Employment-based, conditional: the benefit is available only to workers employed across one or multiple occupational groups, and eligibility is based on behavioral conditions.


Coding rules

The variable is coded as a string, which assumes specific categories based on characteristics of the child benefit system.

  • When the child benefit system comprises a citizenship-/residency-based child benefit (fam_cben_citres_avail_intro > 0 ) and no means-testing (fam_cben_mt = 0) or behavioral conditions (fam_cben_cond = 0) apply, the type is considered to be "Residency/citizenship".
  • When the child benefit system comprises a citizenship-/residency-based child benefit (fam_cben_citres_avail_intro > 0 ) and the system is means-tested (fam_cben_mt = 1), however no behavioral conditions (fam_cben_cond = 0) apply, the type is considered to be "Residency/citizenship, means-tested".
  • When the child benefit system comprises a citizenship-/residency-based child benefit (fam_cben_citres_avail_intro > 0 ) and behavioral conditions (fam_cben_cond = 1) apply, the type is considered to be "Residency/citizenship, conditional".


In the absence of a child benefit available for citizens/residents, the variable is coded as follows:

  • When the child benefit system comprises an employment-based child benefit (fam_cben_emp_avail_intro > 0) and no means-testing (fam_cben_mt = 0) or behavioral conditions (fam_cben_cond = 0) apply, the type is considered to be "Employment-based".
  • When the child benefit system comprises an employment-based child benefit (fam_cben_emp_avail_intro > 0) and the system is means-tested (fam_cben_mt = 1), however no behavioral conditions (fam_cben_cond = 0) apply, the type is considered to be "Employment-based, means-tested".
  • When the child benefit system comprises an employment-based child benefit (fam_cben_emp_avail_intro > 0) and behavioral conditions (fam_cben_cond = 1) apply, the type is considered to be "Employmen-based, conditional".


Missing information is coded as follows:

  • -999 = No information available: Data was unavailable or could not be found.
  • -888 = Policy does not exist: Data was not collected due to knowledge that the policy either does not exist or has been discontinued.
  • -777 = Not applicable: Data was not collected because it was not relevant for this specific country or child benefit system.


Bibliographic info

Citation: Tran, Anh, Simone Tonelli, Martin Gurín, Tobias Böger, Keonhi Son, Aysegül Kayaoglu and Sonja Drobnič. 2025. Codebook of the Global Dataset of Child Benefits (GDCB), SFB 1342, Technical Paper Series/19/2025, Bremen: CRC 1342, doi: 10.26092/elib/4077.


Related publications: Tonelli, Simone, Tobias Böger, Keonhi Son, Petra Buhr, Sonja Drobnič, and Johannes Huinink. 2021. Codebook of Historical Dataset of Child Benefit (HDCB). Bremen: SFB 1342. https://media.suub.uni-bremen.de/handle/elib/5939.



Misc

Project manager(s): Anh Tran, Simone Tonelli, Martin Gurín, Tobias Böger, Keonhi Son, Aysegül Kayaoglu and Sonja Drobnič (A06)


Data release: Version 0.003: Third release


Revisions: This codebook is an updated version of the publication: Tonelli, Simone, Tobias Böger, Keonhi Son, Petra Buhr, Sonja Drobnič, and Johannes Huinink. 2021. Codebook of Historical Dataset of Child Benefit (HDCB). Bremen: SFB 1342. https://media.suub.uni-bremen.de/handle/elib/5939.

Sources

Below is a list of common sources used to gather information on multiple countries. For country-specific sources and calculations, please refer to the Codebook of the Global Dataset of Child Benefits (Tran et al. 2025).

  • Gauthier, Anne H. 2011. Comparative Family Policy Database, Version 3 [computer file]. Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (distributors). www.demogr.mpg.de
  • Social Security Administration. Various years. Social Security Programs Throughout the World. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 1949-1999 reports: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/003924614 2001-2019 reports: https:// www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw
  • United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. Non-Contributory Social Protection Programmes in Latin America and the Caribbean Database. Santiago de Chile: UN ECLAC – Social Development Division. https://dds.cepal.org/bpsnc/home.
  • UNU-WIDER. 2018. Social Assistance, Politics, and Institutions (SAPI) database [online]. Helsinki: United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER). /project/sapi-social-assistance-politics-and-institutions-database.
  • Waggaman, Mary T. Family Allowances in Foreign Countries: Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 401. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/4026
  • Waggaman, Mary T. Family Allowances in 1937 and 1938, 48 Monthly Lab. Rev. 1026 (1939)
  • Wagemann, Mary T. Family Allowances in Various Countries, 1944-45: Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 853. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/4319
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